Roth IRA Conversion Calculator

Converting a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA means paying taxes now in exchange for tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals in retirement. Whether that trade-off makes sense depends on your current tax rate, your expected rate in retirement, and how many years you have for the Roth to grow. Enter your details below to see the projected after-tax difference at retirement.

Enter Your Measurements

Amount to Convert ($)($)

Current Marginal Tax Rate (%)(%)

Expected Retirement Tax Rate (%)(%)

Expected Annual Return (%)(%)

Years Until Retirement(years)

Results

Net Roth Advantage at Retirement

18,023

USD

Roth Balance at Retirement

193,484

USD

Traditional (After-Tax) at Retirement

164,462

USD

Tax Due on Conversion Now

11,000

USD

Formula

Roth Balance = Conversion × (1 + r)^n | Trad After-Tax = Conversion × (1 + r)^n × (1 − retirement rate) | Net Benefit = Roth − Trad − Tax Now

How to Use This Calculator

How to Use

1
Enter the dollar amount you want to convert from Traditional to Roth IRA.
2
Set your current marginal federal tax rate (find it in IRS tax brackets).
3
Estimate your expected tax rate in retirement — often lower if your income drops.
4
Set your expected average annual return (7% is a common long-term stock market estimate).
5
Review the Net Roth Advantage — a positive number means conversion is likely beneficial.

Frequently Asked Questions

When does a Roth conversion make sense?

Conversion is most beneficial when your current tax rate is equal to or lower than your expected retirement rate, when you have many years for the Roth to grow, and when you can pay the conversion taxes from non-IRA funds (so the full converted amount continues to compound).

Can I convert just part of my Traditional IRA?

Yes — partial conversions are common and can be strategically useful. Many advisors recommend converting just enough to fill your current tax bracket without crossing into a higher bracket.

Do Roth IRAs have required minimum distributions (RMDs)?

No — Roth IRAs have no RMDs during the owner's lifetime, which is one of their major advantages for estate planning. Inherited Roth IRAs are subject to RMD rules.

What is the five-year rule for Roth conversions?

Each Roth conversion has its own five-year clock. Withdrawals of converted amounts before the five-year period (and before age 59½) may be subject to the 10% early withdrawal penalty. Earnings follow the original Roth account's five-year clock.

Related Calculators

Retirement Savings Calculator

Compound Interest Calculator

Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Calculator

About This Calculator

This calculator uses the formula: Roth Balance = Conversion × (1 + r)^n | Trad After-Tax = Conversion × (1 + r)^n × (1 − retirement rate) | Net Benefit = Roth − Trad − Tax Now. All calculations follow industry-standard methods. Results are estimates — always verify with a licensed professional for structural or code-compliant work.

Built and maintained by the CalcSmart team. Last updated March 2026.

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