Wire Size Calculator

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Determine the correct wire gauge (AWG) for your electrical circuit. Enter the amperage, one-way wire run distance, and voltage to calculate the recommended wire size that keeps voltage drop within acceptable limits. Proper wire sizing is critical for safety and code compliance.

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Enter Your Measurements

Results

Recommended Wire Size

10

AWG

Wire Ampacity

30

amps

Voltage Drop

3.11

volts

Voltage Drop

2.59

%

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Formula

Circular Mils = (2 × 10.75 × Amps × Distance) ÷ Max Voltage Drop | Select AWG with sufficient circular mils and ampacity

How to Use This Calculator

How to Use

  1. 1

    Enter the circuit amperage (check breaker size or appliance nameplate).

  2. 2

    Enter the one-way distance from the panel to the load in feet.

  3. 3

    Enter the circuit voltage (120V for standard circuits, 240V for large appliances).

  4. 4

    Set the maximum voltage drop (3% is recommended, 5% is acceptable for branch circuits).

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

What size wire for a 20-amp circuit?

A 20-amp circuit requires 12 AWG copper wire minimum. For runs over 75 feet, you may need 10 AWG to keep voltage drop under 3%.

What happens if wire is too small?

Undersized wire creates excessive heat, voltage drop, and fire hazard. It can cause breakers to trip, appliances to malfunction, and in extreme cases, start a fire inside the wall.

Should I use copper or aluminum wire?

Copper is preferred for branch circuits due to better conductivity, smaller size, and easier connections. Aluminum is common for service entrance conductors and large feeder cables where cost savings are significant. Aluminum requires special connectors and is sized differently.
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About This Calculator

This calculator uses the formula: Circular Mils = (2 × 10.75 × Amps × Distance) ÷ Max Voltage Drop | Select AWG with sufficient circular mils and ampacity. All calculations follow industry-standard methods. Results are estimates — always verify with a licensed professional for structural or code-compliant work.

Built and maintained by the CalcSmart team. Last updated March 2026.

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